Plant database

Aegagropila linnaei

Algae ball

Aegagropila linnaei is one of the most precious nurslings in an aquarium. It is a ball-shaped species of green algae with a velvety surface. This form is rarely found in nature; usually they grow as colonies of flat cushions. This interesting round shape is created by gentle wave action along the substrate. Because they tend to grow extremely slowly, moss balls are very popular for use in Nano Cubes and other small aquaria. Combined with stones and roots they produce highly attractive designs and layouts.

Alternanthera reineckii 'Red Ruby'

The variety 'Red Ruby' is a very pretty new cultivar which is a type of Alternanthera reineckii. The most noticeable feature is the ruby red venation on the leaves, which stands out clearly from the red background colour. The growth rate is a little slower than for A. reineckii 'Red' and 'Bronze'. This means with good lighting you can also cultivate this red beauty in a 30 l cube. In large aquaria you should plant around 15 - 20 stems to achieve an impressive group of plants, which harmonises best with "green" neighbours.

Alternanthera reineckii Mini

Alternanthera reineckii 'Mini'

This new variety only came onto the market a few years ago, and is a colourful foreground highlight. When cultivated above water, its growth is very similar to other Alternanthera varieties. The compact, miniature format only develops under the water. This little beauty comes highly recommended as a splash of colour for Nano Cubes. For a strong colour contrast, combine with a light green carpet of Hemianthus. Note that a very light, well-lit location is essential.

Alternanthera reineckii RED

Broad-leaved, red parrot leaf

No other stem plant can boast colours as rich as this particular variety. Brown-red through cherry red hues drift over the stems, upper surface and underside of the leaves. To ensure that you get the most intense colours, this plant needs good lighting and an adequate supply of CO2. Speed of growth is generally average, so it is advisable to shorten or prune back the stems every 6-8 weeks. In discus aquaria this South American plant adds a splash of colour when combined with sword plants.

Alternanthera reineckii ´Lila´

The vibrant purple-coloured underside of the leaves gave this variety its name. The surface of the leaves is wine red to deep red in colour. With good lighting, the shoots are very compact and the leaves are close together. As a result of its very slow growth, this colourful stem plant is also suitable for the midground. However it must be continuously trimmed so that the background plants do not become obscured. A nutrient-rich substrate and a good CO2 supply guarantee successful cultivation in the aquarium.

Alternanthera reineckii ´Mini´ In-Vitro

This new variety only came onto the market a few years ago, and makes a colourful foreground highlight. In emersed hydroponic systems, its growth is very similar to other Alternanthera varieties. The compact, miniature format only develops under water. This little beauty comes highly recommended as a splash of colour for nano cubes. For a strong colour contrast, combine with a carpet of light green Hemianthus. Note that a very light, well-lit location is essential.

Alternanthera sessilis

• Red-leaved terrarium plants
• For humid terrariums
• Fast-growing
• Best suited to paludarium
• Best suited for wabi kusa

Ammannia praetermissa

Ammannia praetermissa

The origins of this small-leaved plant have not yet been determined. It is a decorative plant with ruby red leaves. To ensure successful cultivation it must have soft water, strong lighting and an adequate supply of CO2. Since growth is generally very slow, you can plant stems around 3 cm tall in the front of an aquarium to add a vibrant highlight to the foreground. Cut back again every few weeks.

Anubia barteri nana with moss on roots

Anubias barteri

Broadleaf Anubias

Anubias are very slow-growing marsh plants suited to shady areas. Strong lighting does them no good in the long term. Anubias barteri is a highly variable plant with varying numbers of generally large leaves. With its dark green, slightly tough leaves it is often used in cichlid aquaria. In the wild, Anubias grow in shaded to semi-shaded locations in fast-flowing rivers and streams; sometimes emersed, growing on stones or logs, and sometimes semi-emersed.

Anubias barteri nana

Anubias barteri nana

Dwarf spear leaf, to give it its common name, is one of the most popular aquarium plants of all time. These are outstanding foreground plants that require the minimum of care. Special attention must be paid to the rhizome when planting: the thickened shoot must not be covered by substrate. These small Anubias grow best when tied to stones or roots (see Mbuna trees on page 78). They are also frequently used with cichlids from the Malawi and Tanganyika Lakes. This looks especially decorative among rock arrangements.

Anubias barteri nana with Taxiphyllum barbieri Spiderwood

• Delicate wood root
• With anubia nana
• With taxiphyllum barbieri
• Best suited to aquascaping
• Ideal for Nano Cubes

Anubias barteri var. nana 'Bonsai'

Miniature dwarf Anubias

It doesn’t get smaller than this! This is probably the smallest Anubias in the world and is a real boon to any underwater landscape. In terms of cultivation and care it is just as robust as the original form, but needs a little more light to produce lovely, compact greenery. This dwarf form can be used in a 10 L Nano Cube or larger. These plants have a most natural appearance when tied to delicate roots or driftwood. Red bogwood is perfectly suited to this purpose. Alternatively, showcase your 'bonsai’ Anubias on a canvas of decorative rocks.

Anubias barteri var. nana 'Gold'

Anubias nana Gold

This is another new variety of dwarf Anubias called 'Gold'. It was discovered during regular cultivation at a nursery in Taiwan. After the isolation period it took several years to establish a stable stock. With leaves ranging in colour from light green to yellow-gold it is significantly different from the other, darker green types of Anubias. Again, it does not do well in very low lighting as this makes the leaves turn a darker colour.

Anubias hastifolia

Anubias hastifolia

This Anubias variety is best used in the background of larger aquaria. It is very distinctive with its long stalks and unique leaf base shape. Older leaves form arrow-shaped leaf blades, which are not visible when the plant is still juvenile. Given time, mature plants can reach up to 1 m in size in a very large and open aquarium. Easily satisfied when it comes to care, although leaves that are too large can be removed. Cut the stalk directly next to the rhizome.

Anubias nana Pangolino In-Vitro

Anubias nana ‚Pangolino‘ is probably the smallest Anubias in the world! We discovered this mini plant in our stocks of Anubias nana ‚Bonsai‘. A stable stock was developed by means of selection for further culture in the plant laboratory. It grows extremely slowly and takes several months for multiple new leaves to form. This rarity is a fantastic feature for nano aquaria and for delicate layouts in aquascaping in particular.

Anubias nana on rock

Dwarf Anubias on volcanic rock

Anubias nana ´Pinto´

The ‚Pinto‘ Anubias is a quirk of nature that has been propagated from a normal green population using selection. The light green variegation can be more or less pronounced, so only the most  beautiful plants are propagated further in the production plant. This variety is very slow-growing and requires more light than the original green form. Due to its small size, the ‚Pinto‘ makes an attractive addition to Nano Cubes and can also be used to catch the eye in aquascaping. This new plant creates excellent contrast on black lava rock and on dark coloured roots.

Aponogeton boivinianus

Aponogeton boivinianus

Tuber plant from the Aponogenton family. This is one of the most attractive Aponogeton species for aquaria. Its vibrant green, transparent leaves are striking. The leaf blades have an extraordinary texture. As soon as the plant’s growth begins to slow, it is advisable to give the plant a period of rest, during which it needs cool water and dimmed light. The best way to achieve this is to move it into a small, separate aquarium for around 3 to 4 months. It is then ready to be replanted into your underwater landscape.

Aponogeton henkelianus

Large Madagascar lace plant

As with A. boivinianus, this aquatic plant also comes from Madagascar. The leaves have an eye-catching and unusual lattice structure. This variety is very challenging in terms of care, even for plant experts. Stronger water flow and cooler temperatures will be beneficial. Regular rest periods at low temperatures with minimal lighting are essential to ensure you have a beautiful plant for many years to come.

Aponogeton longiplumulosus

Wavy Madagascar Aponogeton

This tuber plant from Northwest Madagascar comes highly recommended for aquaria. It is easy to cultivate and just needs enough space. The scalloped leaves are highly decorative and are best presented among more subtle planting, for example, combined with Mayaca bog moss. A. longiplumulosus can live for many years in an aquarium environment. During rest periods it stops growing, but after a few months starts to produce new leaves. There is no need to remove the bulb at any point.

Aponogeton madagascariensis

Madagascar lace plant

As with A. henkelianus, the most striking feature is the lattice texture of the leaf blades. The size and shape of the leaves may vary depending on the origin of the tuber. The same conditions apply to this collector’s special in terms of cultivation as for A. henkelianus. For "plant freaks" of course it presents the same kind of cultivation challenge as a rare and demanding fish. Floating plants such as Salvinia and Limnobium are ideal companions to provide shade during rest periods.

Aponogeton ulvaceus

Madagascar ulvaceus

Unusual aquatic plant with vellum-like, heavily crimped leaves. This is a very popular variety in the aquarium world. Older plants can have up to 50 leaves - an impressive sight. The ideal water temperature of 24-28 °C is higher than for similar plants. Again, it is advisable to give these plants a rest period. Remove the tuber and place in a pot with sand. Spray infrequently for around 2 months before replacing into the aquarium.

Bacopa australis

The stem plant Bacopa australis has only recently become available to buy. We found this verdant beauty on our Plantahunter tour in Brazil in 2010. At the source of the Rio Sucuri, we discovered some gorgeous specimens living in crystal clear water alongside other aquarium plants. This plant is very easy to cultivate. When emersed, the leaves are smaller and fleshier, whereas in aquaria they are very fragile and thin. We recommend regular pruning to create a compact group of plants.

Bacopa carolineana

Bacopa carolineana

A stem plant that is one of the classic aquarium plants. It grows much more slowly than other stem plants, and needs a well-lit location to help it produce the pretty brown-coloured leaves. Emersed plants are pure green and display obvious hairs on the stems. Place in a large group to achieve the most appealing effect, ideally with the stems arranged in ascending height order toward the back of the tank. This results in a harmonious sight for the observer.

Biosphere ball

Biosphere ball with Java moss

Blyxa japonica

Dwarf soft rush

Stunning, grass-like foreground plant. Takashi Amano’s fantastic underwater landscapes have really pushed this plant into the limelight. In the wild it only grows submerged in slow-moving, shaded water. This plant is known for being very demanding. And yet it is possible to cultivate when you take care of the important factors such as adequate light, CO2 supplementation, and nutrient-rich substrate. A large group turns any aquarium into a fascinating spectacle. With very strong lighting these plants display intense, red colouring.

Bolbitis heudelotii

Congo water fern

The Congo water fern grows in similar habitats to the Anubias. Its vigorous rhizome covers stones and roots like a carpet along the banks of rivers and streams. Submerged fronds are dark green, transparent, and incredibly ornamental. Avoid strong lighting for this plant since it prefers shade. It also prefers stronger water flow, such as near to the outflow from the filter. A good CO2 supply will ensure lush growth. We highly recommend binding these plants to wood and roots.

Bonsai palm with Anubias barteri var. nana 'Bonsai'

Bucephalandra spec. ´Brownie´

Diese Bucephalandra war eine der ersten eingeführten Arten aus West – Kalimantan, dem indonesischen Teil von Borneo. Der englische Sortenname Brownie bezieht sich auf die geringe Größe und das langsame This Bucephalandra was one of the first species introduced from West Kalimantan, the Indonesian part of Borneo. The designation “Brownie” refers to its small size and slow growth. The leaves are narrow-elliptic and have entire margins. The colour of the leaves can vary from dark olive green to reddish brown, depending on the intensity of light. Bucephalandras belong to the Araceae family, just like the Anubias and Cryptocorynes. From time to time, the typical flower heads may also develop under water.

Bucephalandra spec. ´Mini Needle Leaf´

This miniature plant is probably a type of Bucephalandra pygmaea, which generally colonises larger rocks and stones in its natural habitat. It is often also found in a community with larger growing species of Bucephalandra or other arum genera. The 'Mini Needle Leaf' variety is extremely slow-growing and is especially suitable for delicate aquascaping landscapes in the Scaper's tank or Nano Cube. Like all Bucephalandra species, it is easy and simple to care for. The use of small algae cleaners such as Amano shrimps or Clithon snails is recommended.

Bucephalandra spec. ´Wavy Leaf´

A new genus takes aquatics by storm! The endemic genus Bucephalandra is only found in Borneo and like the Cryptocorynes and Anubias it belongs to the arum family. The exact scientific definition is currently very uncertain, so we get the name of this variety from the habit of the plant. Bucephalandra species are epiphytes and should therefore be attached to stones and roots. The 'Wavy Leaf' variety grows especially vigorously and is a decorative beauty. An ideal plant for Nano Cubes!

Bucephalandra spec. ´Wavy Leaf´ on root

Cabomba aquatica

Fine-leaved giant Cabomba

Slender-tipped aquatic plant from South America that needs a lot of light. The leaf blades look like feathered fans, giving this plant an extremely graceful appearance. Soft water is absolutely essential for successful cultivation. If the tops of any shoots reach the water’s surface, it is possible that the plant will produce small floating leaves and yellow flowers. This stem plant should be planted in a group of several stems. Combine Cambomba aquatica with the large leaves of the Echinodorus as an attractive contrast.

Ceratophyllum demersum

Hornwort

Hornwort is another world traveller that sets down roots in many types of water. We found gigantic colonies of this free-floating stem plant in a tributary of the Rio Miranda at the edge of the Pantanal basin in South America. The stems grow at an astounding rate and require constant pruning. Ceratophyllum is known as a "weapon of mass destruction" against algae. The explanation is very simple: the plant is nutrient-demanding and quite simply removes the algae’s food source. We recommend using hornwort in every new setup.

Ceratopteris cornuta

Broad-leaved water sprite

An easy, delicate fern that is often used in breeding aquaria. Beneath the leaves floating on the water’s surface is an ideal hideaway, e.g., for labyrinth fish to build their foam nests. This fern is very easy to look after. Strong lighting and CO2 supplementation are very helpful in encouraging growth and producing sturdy fronds. Above the waterline, the underside of the leaves can develop small adventitious plantlets. These can be bedded into the substrate for replanting purposes.

Ceratopteris thalictroides

Fine-leaved Sumatra fern

The Sumatra fern has much daintier leaves than Ceratopteris cornuta. This species is found in many tropical regions. It usually grows in muddy, shallow waters, and sometimes in rice paddies. In aquaria, this graceful fern needs enough space since it is very fast-growing. With medium lighting it is easy to look after and does not cause any problems. This is a popular beginner’s plant and suitable for anyone new to aquatics.

Chlorophytum bichetii

Siam lily

Curved, grass-like, white-green striped leaves

Coco Cave with Anubias nana

Crinum calamistratum

Crinkled, narrow-leaved onion plant

Crinums are members of the narcissus family and have a bulb that they can use to store nutrients. The deeply crinkled leaves of the Crinum calamistratum can grow up to 80 - 100 cm in length! Depending on the size of your aquarium, the upper leaf blades may produce flower stalks. They do not require particularly strong lighting, but gentle water flow, such as near to an outflow, promotes growth. Crinum calamistratum is best used on its own. This gives the most attractive results.

Crinum natans

Broad-leaved, African onion plant

Tropical West Africa is home to this magnificent onion plant. It colonises fast-flowing water in shaded, and sometimes sunny, areas. Above the water surface, this plant produces a white, fragrant flower. The leaves of Crinum natans are broader than those of Crinum calamistratum and are variably wavy. We also recommend a stronger water flow for these plants. For cultivation purposes, the substrate should be rich in nutrients and have a minimum depth of 10 cm.

Cryptocoryne affinis

Cryptocoryne affinis

This Cryptocoryne has been kept in aquaria for over 50 years. All Dennerle Cryptocorynes are grown emersed in our greenhouses. Growth behaviour and leaf form differs significantly in plants growing in emersed and submerged states. This is also true of Cryptocoryne affinis. The typical olive-green to brown foliage only develops under water. These plants make no great demands in terms of lighting, but optimum growth is achieved in slightly alkaline water. C. affinis comes highly recommended for cichlid aquaria with limestone.

Cryptocoryne beckettii

Beckett's cryptocoryne

Sri Lanka is home to many species of cryptocoryne, including the Cryptocoryne beckettii. These plants have also been successfully cultivated in aquaria for decades. In the wild they are found in shaded areas near the banks of streams and rivers, where they grow amphibiously above and below the waterline. The colour of any submerged leaves varies in shades of green and brown. Different leaf colouration within the same species is typical for the Cryptocoryne genus.

Cryptocoryne crispatula In-Vitro

The grass-leaved water trumpet is a very attractive plant for the background. The species crispatula is very variable, just like the varieties balansae or tonkinensis. Particularly striking are the more or less nubby leaves with wavy edges. The leaf blades may develop wonderful colours, depending on the intensity of illumination. This water trumpet is especially recommendable for cichlid aquaria with higher water hardness. However, the plant is also a great feature in a larger community aquarium together with other plants.

Cryptocoryne lucens

Narrow-leaved Cryptocoryne nevelli

Cryptocoryne lucens is easy to care for and easy to cultivate. The plants produce narrow, pure green leaves. Growing to a height of 10 - 20 cm it is a good candidate as a foreground plant. It grows very slowly, which means it requires minimal maintenance. As with many rosette-like plants, only the older, outer leaves should be removed.
However, it is possible to prune the plant hard to encourage more dense growth. Plants should be cut approx. 2 - 3 cm above the substrate.

Cryptocoryne lutea

Cryptocoryne lutea

Cryptocoryne lutea also comes from Sri Lanka. Leaves are usually dark green and some display a subtle linear markings. As with most other species of cryptocoryne, propagation is via runners. New shoots burst through the substrate just a few centimetres away from the parent plant. If you want to suppress this spread, it is sufficient to simply remove any new shoots with sharp scissors or a knife.

Cryptocoryne lutea ´Hobbit´

Cryptocoryne lutea gehört zu den besonders pflegeleichten Wasserkelch Arten aus Sri Lanka. Die neue Zwergform Hobbit wurde aus einem normalwüchsigen Bestand im Gewächshaus isoliert und im Labor weiter vermehrt. Mit einer Wuchshöhe von nur wenigen Zentimetern ist dieser Wasserkelch ideal für kleinste Aquarien geeignet. Auch die Wachstumsgeschwindigkeit ist deutliche langsamer als bei der Stammform. Bei guter Beleuchtung färben sich die Blätter intensiv violett braun und bilden einen schönen Kontrast zu anderen grünen Vordergrundpflanzen.Cryptocoryne lutea gehört zu den besonders pflegeleichten Wasserkelch Arten aus Sri Lanka. Die neue Zwergform Hobbit wurde aus einem normalwüchsigen Bestand im Gewächshaus isoliert und im Labor weiter vermehrt. Mit einer Wuchshöhe von nur wenigen Zentimetern ist dieser Wasserkelch ideal für kleinste Aquarien geeignet. Auch die Wachstumsgeschwindigkeit ist deutliche langsamer als bei der Stammform. Bei guter Beleuchtung färben sich die Blätter intensiv violett braun und bilden einen schönen Kontrast zu anderen grünen Vordergrundpflanzen.

Cryptocoryne parva

Dwarf cryptocoryne

The central highlands of Sri Lanka are home to this green cryptocoryne. A small stature of around 5 - 10 cm makes it the smallest species that is cultivated for aquatics purposes. It grows in dense colonies along the banks of fast-flowing rivers. Cryptocoryne parva grows very slowly and is a slightly more demanding plant. Stronger lighting and CO2 supplementation are essential. This small Cryptocoryne is highly recommended for Nano Cubes. Even the smallest 10 L Cube provides enough space for this little nursling.

Cryptocoryne spec. 'Flamingo'

This unusual and attractive cultivar is called 'Flamingo'. Its most eye-catching feature is the light to dark pink colouration of the leaves. This variety came about by quirk of nature in one of our greenhouses. 'Flamingo' is only cultivated through meristem propagation in the lab, and is sold in a plastic culture dish. It grows very slowly in aquaria and must have good lighting to ensure successful cultivation. A wonderfully decorative addition combined with mosses or Hemianthus in small aquaria or Nano Cubes.

Cryptocoryne usteriana In-Vitro

Cryptocoryne usteriana is an impressive plant from the Philippines. Unlike many other Cryptocoryne species, it grows permanently under water and is therefore not suitable for emersed cultivation in the greenhouse. For this reason it is very rarely found commercially. The bullate leaves are up to 70 cm long and the leaves are bright mid-green with a reddish underside. With medium lighting, Cryptocoryne usteriana grows best in hard, alkaline water and is therefore ideal for cichlids from Lake Malawi and Lake Tanganyika. Even with a low CO2 supply the plant still grows rather well and is very easy to care for. The more familiar Cryptocoryne aponogetifolia looks confusingly similar.

Cryptocoryne wendtii 'Brown'

Brown cryptocoryne
(formerly Cryptocoryne wendtii Tropica)

This brown variation of Cryptocoryne wendtii is also very popular and can be used in a variety of plant landscapes. The edges of the leaves are slightly wavy and some are bullate. The leaves are green to brown, sometimes with brown mottling. In good lighting the leaves turn a deep, dark brown. Use as a stark contrast in combination with other green water trumpets. As with almost all Cryptocorynes from Sri Lanka, these grow well in hard water and are therefore ideal for cichlid aquaria.

Cryptocoryne wendtii 'Green'

Green cryptocoryne

This Cryptocoryne has been one of the most popular aquarium plants for decades. A robust nature and fantastic adaptability make these plants almost mandatory for any beginner's underwater landscape. Whether as a cluster in a small Nano Cube or flat cushion plants in a larger show aquarium, this Cryptocoryne combines an optimum growth habit with a highly attractive appearance! These plants stay much smaller with good lighting.

Cryptocoryne wendtii C 421

Medium, brown cryptocoryne

C421 is yet another variety of C. wendtii - a medium-sized, brown Cryptocoryne that grows well and is an easy plant. Leaves above the surface are rusty brown, below the surface they are a chocolate brown. Planting tip: Keep these plants small and compact by planting in a clay pot. Press the pot directly into the substrate. By limiting the space available for the roots, the plants stay smaller and create an effect similar to a bonsai tree.

Cryptocoryne wendtii ´Broad Leaf´ In-Vitro

A very easy water trumpet from sri lanka. this is a variety of Cryptocoryne wendtii with fairly broad leaves. Plants can vary quite strongly in appearance, and leaf colour also varies. modern cell culture has allowed the isolation of the various types for propagation in varietally pure form. all C. wendtii variants have one thing in common: they are easy to care for and easy to cultivate. the leaves of  C. spec. 402 are a potent green, sometimes with interesting brown mottling.

Cryptocoryne wendtii ´Kompakt´ In-Vitro

An other is yet another variety of C. wendtii – a medium-sized, brown water trumpet that grows well and is an easy plant. leaves above the surface are rust brown, below the surface they are chocolate brown. Planting tip: Keep these plants small and compact by planting in a clay pot. Press the pot directly into the substrate. By limiting the space available for the roots, you keep the plants smaller, creating a bonsai

Cryptocoryne x purpurea

Cryptocoryne x purpurea is a rarity from Southeast Asia. It is a natural hybrid between Cryptocoryne griffithii and Cryptocoryne cordata. The variety described here comes from Borneo and has remarkable marbling on the leaf blades. The growth is significantly slower than other Cryptocoryne species that are well known in aquatics. Growing to a height of around 10 cm (previous experience of cultivation in an aquarium), it remains relatively small in size and, depending on the size of the tank, can therefore also be used in the foreground. As with all Cryptocorynes, a nutrient-rich substrate is very important, as a lot of nutrients are absorbed by the roots.

Didiplis diandra In-Vitro

Didiplis diandra is a particularly colourful stem plant from the eastern part of the USA. The submerged needle-like leaflets are arranged crosswise in opposition to each other, which gives the plant a very delicate look. Provide for good lighting and sufficient fertilization to ensure wonderful colours in all shades of orange and red. A good supply of CO2 promotes considerably better and faster growth. In order to support the colourful growth, please also supply the plants with iron and micronutrients. Didiplis beautifully contrasts with purely green stem plants such as Rotala spec. Green or when added to other colourful plants.

Dracaena Firebrand

Red ribbon plant

Tough, wide, densely packed, dark red leaves.

Dracaena sanderiana

White ribbon plant

Tough, leathery leaves with a white edge.

Echinodorus Dschungelstar No. 2

"Small bear" ("Kleiner Bär") Sword

'Small Bear' (‘Kleiner Bär’) has been commercially available since 1995 and is still one of the most popular varieties that have red leaves. In aquaria these plants produce a compact rosette ranging from rust-red to deep, dark red. Older plants can grow to 25 cm. As with many Echinodorus varieties, there are major differences between emersed and submerged leaves. Greenhouse cultivation produces 'Small Bear' in a strong green, but it develops red underwater leaves after just a few days in an aquarium. It’s a never-ending source of wonder!

Echinodorus Dschungelstar No. 3

"Python" Sword

Here the name refers to the thin, long submerged leaves. There are also bright patches of colour similar to those you would see on a python. Under very good lighting, the newest leaves are an intense red colour. Nutrient-rich substrate and a good supply of CO2 encourage strong growth. As with most Echinodorus, these plants are most effective when used singly. In terms of care, simply remove older leaves and thin out the foliage.

Echinodorus Dschungelstar No. 9

Creeping burhead "Spotted Harbich"

The leaf shape of the No. 9 is similar to the pure green Harbich variety. However, this variant has a very pretty red, spotted pattern. Emersed leaves are almost circular and only seen above water; in aquaria they have shorter stems and the leaf shape is much more elongated. Olive-green leaves have a reddish-brown pattern and often wavy edges. Growing to 25 cm, this variety is ideal for smaller aquaria. As with all our Dschungelstars, this is a very easy plant.

Echinodorus argentinensis

Argentine Sword

Sword plants are now distributed throughout the US and Argentina. E. argentinensis is one of the larger varieties and requires sufficient space in an underwater landscape. It is well-suited to open aquaria as its sturdy emersed leaves are highly ornamental. With a little bit of patience there may even be flower shoots bearing white blossoms. Requires nutrient-rich substrate and medium to strong lighting.

Echinodorus cordifolius 'MINI'

Mini creeping burhead

Dennerle has been cultivating this mini creeping burhead for many years, after it was discovered in the early 1980s in an imported shipment. This is an ideal plant for smaller aquaria, such as the 60 L Nano Cube or the 60 cm standard aquarium. Growing to a height of just 25 cm, this creeping burhead is one of the small species and varieties. Its light green leaves contrast beautifully with dark green or colourful plants. Adequate nutrition and good lighting will produce particularly compact rosettes.

Echinodorus cordifolius Harbich Red

Harbich red sword

‘Harbich Red‘ stays much smaller than the original form of E. cordifolius. Emersed leaves are round with hairs on the leaf blades; submerged leaves in aquaria are much narrower. This variety is very robust and has firm, stiff leaves. The pedicels do develop a lot of adventitious plantlets, although these can only develop properly in open aquaria. The name ‘Harbich Red‘ refers to the reddish colour of new leaves, which gradually turn green over time.

Echinodorus grisebachii 'Amazonicus'

Narrow-leaved Amazon sword plant

This sword plant inhabits Brazil’s Amazon region. It is also known as “narrow-leaved Amazon sword” and grows very large, very well in aquaria from 200 L in volume. Submerged leaves are 2-3 cm wide and bottle green. This variety comes especially recommended for South American landscapes with angel fish or discus when mixed with other Echinodorus. An open, light location encourages vigorous growth and the formation of flower stalks with adventitious plantlets.

Echinodorus grisebachii 'Bleherae'

Large Amazon sword

This large Amazon sword plant is possibly the most popular aquatic plant. Its leaves are 3-6 cm wide, making them broader than the 'amazonicus', and with growth up to 60 cm it is certainly the more dominant in appearance. Older bushes, sometimes with more than 50 leaves, are an impressive sight. The substrate must be at least 10 cm deep so that the root system can spread properly. Combine with various Helanthium species (dwarf Echinodorus) to create outstanding South American underwater landscapes.

Echinodorus grisebachii ´Tropica´

Samolus - Schwertpflanze

Die Herkunft dieser kleinbleibenden Echinodorus ist unbekannt. Vermutlich ist sie durch Mutation in einem Pflanzenbestand einer Gärtnerei in Asien entstanden. Mit einer Wuchshöhe von nur 5-10 cm ist sie ideal für den Vordergrund geeignet. Der Lichtanspruch ist deutlich höher als bei der Stammform, auch eine gute Ernährung und CO₂-Versorgung sind wichtige Vorrausetzungen für ein optimales Wachstum. In Nano Cubes wirkt die Pflanze in Einzelstellung sehr kontrastreich zu feingliedrigen Arten. In größeren Aquarien sollten mehrere Einzelpflanzen in einer Gruppe angeordnet werden.

Echinodorus ´Green Chamäleon´

The ‚Green Chameleon‘ variety has come about by breeding E. ‚Simply Red‘ x. A pure green colour in its emersed form, this new plant transforms into a colourful Echinodorus in the aquarium. The leaf blades are slightly wavy and initially light green in colour. After a few months, with good lighting they form wonderfully coloured leaves. The colours range from olive green to wine red variegation. A real highlight for any Echinodorus fan!

Echinodorus ´Ocelot´

The popular Echinodorus 'Ocelot' has been in stores for quite some time. It has very obvious spot markings that are somewhat evocative of an ocelot’s coat. These plants grow very well and have narrow, elliptical leaves. New leaves have an intense brown-red to dark red colour. Over time, the leaves turn a dark olive green and display the typical spotted pattern. An attractive variety that grows up to 20 - 30 cm tall. This makes it a great addition to medium-sized aquaria as well.

Echinodorus ´Red Chamäleon´

Somewhat smaller than the variety E. 'Green Chameleon', the new variety Echinodorus 'Red Chameleon' stays at a height of around 30 cm. Even in an emersed state, the leaf blades have a red colouring, however the true beauty only becomes fully apparent in the aquarium. Under strong lighting its growth is compact and the central leaves develop a strong deep red colour. Nutrient-rich substrate, regular liquid fertilisation and adequate CO2 guarantee strong growth.

Egeria densa 'Dense'

Dense waterweed

The common name "waterweed" gives you some idea of the growth habits of this plant. Egeria densa is one of the best growers of all, and there are absolutely no issues with cultivation. Native to Southeast Brazil and Argentina, it has now spread across every continent. The "dense" variety displays extremely close, compact leaf growth along the stem. It also grows very well in garden ponds - either planted or floating - but is not completely winter-hardy.

Egeria densa 'Tropical Type'

Tropical waterweed

Waterweed is probably the most well-known of all aquatic plants. Thanks to its rapid growth it is the perfect plant for dealing with algae. This stem plant is also a popular oxygenator for aquaria and garden ponds. As with most stem plants, propagation is not complicated. Simply cut off the top or side shoots and replant them. In aquaria it may be necessary to cut the plant back often due to the speed at which it spreads. Highly recommended for stabilising new setups.

Eleocharis acicularis

Needle rush

The needle rush Eleocharis acicularis is found all over the world. It is a particularly lithe, grass-like plant for the foreground. It prefers cooler water, but does grow perfectly well at higher temperatures. Side runners shoot out over time to produce a thick carpet of plants. When bedding in plants cultivated in the emersed state, we recommend pruning hard and dividing any dense plant cushions. Plant the cut rootstock at 5 cm intervals. The first submerged blades will appear after just a few days.

Eleocharis pusilla

The dwarf spike rush, Eleocharis pusilla, is native to Australia and New Zealand and inhabits wetlands with different water levels. In contrast to Eleocharis acicularis, the growth height is significantly shorter, usually only a few centimetres high. Another distinguishing feature are the light green, slightly curved stems of the dwarf spikerush. This grass grows best in cooler water, it cannot tolerate permanently high temperatures over 25° C. This delicate beauty is extremely well suited to stone layouts in the Iwagumi style, for the creation of a fresh "summer meadow". Like Echidonorus acicularis, the dwarf spikerush can also be cut well back, which makes the plant even denser and more compact

Eleocharis vivipara

The umbrella hairgrass, as it is also known, is a delicate grass for the background. It has been known in aquatics for a long time, but only thanks to wonderful aquascaping layouts has this swamp plant, which forms runners, caught the attention again. The plants create the best effect when planted in large groups behind a stone structure or with other delicate stem plants. The species name vivipara: viviparous, comes from the runners on the blade tips.

Fissidens geppii, pad

Fissidens geppii, pad

Fittonia argyroneura

White nerve plant

Small, fresh green leaves with strikingly beautiful, white venation.

Fittonia verschaffeltii

Red nerve plant

Small, dark-green leaves with striking, intense red and white venation.

Glossostigma elatinoides In-Vitro

Australian tongue leaf

A subtle, creeping marsh plant native to Australia, popularised in the 1980s by Takashi Amono. Now world-famous, it is frequently used in aquaria in the aquascaping style. Successful cultivation requires very good lighting and a good CO2 supply. The easiest way to bed in the delicate shoots is to use plant tweezers. First divide the pot plant into individual pieces, then plant each of these a few centimetres apart.

Helanthium tenellum 'Broad Leaf' In-Vitro

We discovered this grass-like beauty on our Florida Plantahunter Tour in winter 2012. At first glance it looks very similar to Helanthium tenellum (former name: Echinodorus tenellus) and is easily confused. The difference lies in the colour and width of the leaves and the growth height appears to be somewhat smaller. We named this plant 'Broad Leaf' due to the width of the leaf blades being up to 2.5 mm. The colour of the leaves stays bright mid-green, so it combines well with colourful plants such as Hygrophila pinnatifida, for example. Care needs are similar to the standard Helanthium tenellum. Lawn formation is encouraged by vigorous pruning.

Hemianthus callitrichoides 'Cuba'

Dwarf baby tears

Dwarf baby tears was first discovered several years ago in a stream on the island of Cuba. Leaves just a few millimetres wide make this Hemianthus the smallest aquarium plant in the world. It is a highly adaptable plant in terms of water values, but it is important to provide good lighting and a good CO2 supply. Plants that grow above water can be divided into small pieces and planted. In a few weeks you will have a dense foreground carpet. Aquarium designs combining these plants with all kinds of rockwork look both ornamental and natural.

Hemianthus callitrichoides Cuba In-Vitro

DWARF BABY TEARS

Dwarf baby tears was first discovered several years ago in a stream on the island of Cuba. Leaves just a few millimetres wide make this Hemianthus the smallest aquarium plant in the world. It is a highly adaptable plant in terms of water values, but it is important to provide good lighting and a good CO2 supply. Plants that grow above water can be divided into small pieces and planted. In a few weeks you will have a dense foreground carpet. Aquarium designs combining these plants with all kinds of rockwork look both ornamental and natural.

Hemianthus glomeratus

Baby tears

formerly Micranthemum glomeratus

Home for this delicate aquarium plant is the east coast of North America. This variety of Hemianthus grows on rocky or muddy substrate at the mouths of rivers. Its loose, upright growth and brilliant, light green colour are fresh and spring-like. A pair of sharp scissors is all you need for pruning purposes. After pruning, the plants produce a number of new side shoots and the entire cluster will appear denser and more compact. Create rich contrasts by combining light green Hemianthus with red-leaved varieties, such as Alternanthera.

Heteranthera zosterifolia In-Vitro

The stem plant Heteranthera zosterifolia is a stunning beauty in the aquarium. The vibrant, light green leaves are up to 5 cm long and grow in an alternating leaf formation. Its requirements are relatively minimal, with good lighting and CO2 fertilisation, growth is compact and fast. It is therefore recommended that the shoots are trimmed regularly. On our Plantahunter tour in Brazil, we saw the plant in the Rio da Prata over several kilometres of river. In fact, we even encountered lush plants in the crystal clear water where it was 2 m deep. The Heteranthera is a plant that is rich in contrast for the midground to background and works especially well in combination with colourful plants such as Rotala rotundifolia.

Hottonia palustris

The featherfoil is a graceful plant with pinnate leaves. It has long been known in aquatic hobby as well growing for the fore- or middle ground. However, good lighting and sufficient CO2 are necessary for good growth. For unheated aquariums, Hottonia is highly recommended due to its distribution in temperate climates. It is even native to some locations in Germany and is under conservation there. Due to the beautifully slotted leaves you can place the featherfoil in a very high contrast in a carpet of Hemianthus Cuba or Micranthemum spec. Place 'Montecarlo'.

Hydrocotyle cf. Tripartita

Like the Asplenium fern, the classification for this variety is not yet definitive, hence the “cf.” in its name. This new plant does have some very interesting growth habits: under strong light it usually creeps across the substrate and even across other plants. The tiny, clover-shaped leaves are certainly distinctive. It is not demanding in terms of water conditions, but strong light encourages this carpet-like growth. We advise occasionally removing any overgrowth with scissors or a knife.

Hydrocotyle leucocephala

Brazilian water pennywort

Hydrocotyle leucocephala, or Brazilian water pennywort, is a very undemanding stem plant. We found this plant in the shallow waters of crystal clear rivers, and also on the wet ground in the dense jungle. In aquaria it grows very quickly, and is highly recommended for aquatics beginners. As soon as the shoots reach the water surface, they continue to grow and spread. Due to this rapid growth, the stems need frequent cutting and replanting.

Hydrocotyle verticillata

Whorled pennywort, American. Water pennywort

A highly ornamental water pennywort with umbrella-like leaves, suitable for the foreground to midground. It grows slowly compared to H. leucocephala and H. tripartite and prefers water temperatures on the cooler side. We found some fantastic shallow water stocks in the Rio Sucuri/Brazil. There the water temperature was 23°C, and it was crystal clear and had a high concentration of CO2. Hydrocotyle verticillata looks very natural in the middle of a Hemianthus carpet with the little umbrellas peeking out.

Hygrophila corymbosa 'Compact'

Compact corymbosa

This dwarf format probably came about via mutation, and is not typical for the Hygrophila genus. The stems are heavily compressed and the leaves are closely packed. Plants cultivated above water have deep green leaves, whereas aquarium plants have bright green leaves. It grows slowly, which makes it much easier to care for than other Hygrophila varieties. It is ideal as a foreground plant. Its leaf shape makes this a nice change from the usual foreground plants.

Hygrophila corymbosa 'Stricta'

Giant hygro

This variety has larger but narrower leaves than the original form of H. corymbosa. Here too the submerged leaves are light green, but the leaf pairs are closer together. Open aquaria give the shoots enough space to grow upwards, where they eventually turn an intense dark green again. Good lighting and CO2 supplementation go a long way towards promoting growth. Large-leaved Hygrophila are best presented in aquaria larger than 100 cm. Show off their best features by planting a group of at least 10 - 15 stems.

Hygrophila corymbosa 'Thailand'

Narrow-leaved giant hygro

'Thailand' has the thinnest leaves of all three varieties of H. corymbosa. Under strong lighting the leaves turn a reddish-brown; under normal lighting they are a medium to light green. Open aquaria enable the plants to produce small, lilac flowers. Emersed shoots typically display hairs on the stems, and are generally firmer and more solid. Varieties of Hygrophila are also ideal for paludaria and humid terrariums.

Hygrophila corymbosa

Cherry leaf hygro

Hygrophila corymbosa is a widespread stem plant in South East Asia. There are several varieties, each of which has a different leaf shape. Emersed leaves are usually much darker than those under the water. The hygro is a good beginner plant for the background. Rapid growth means that excess nutrients are removed, eliminating the food source for any algae. As soon as the shoots reach the water surface they should be trimmed back to half their length. A stepped arrangement of the stems is recommended for this.

Hygrophila costata

Hygrophila costata is a large-leaved species from South America with narrow leaves. Particularly attractive are the light green glowing leaves - they form a very nice contrast to dark green plants. Due to the rapid growth and thus greater nutrient consumption an ideal algae-preventive plant. Like all stem plants, Hygrophila costata must be regularly cut. A vigorous pruning promotes the lateral shoot formation and thus creates a compact group of plants.

Hygrophila difformis

Water wisteria

Water wisteria is an impressive example of the adaptability of leaves above and below the waterline. Emersed leaf blades have a simple shape with slightly serrated edges. Submerged leaves tend to look more like feathers. This makes the plant look wonderfully dainty. H. difformis is best showcased in combination with simple leaf shapes. These plants are easy to cultivate, which of course makes them even more attractive. Propagation is very easy: remove side-shoots from the main stem and replant.

Hygrophila lancea In-Vitro

Hygrophila spec. Araguaia

Recently re-classified; the former name H. spec. Araguaia is no longer valid. This is a dwarf plant and produces red-brown, narrow leaves under water. It sometimes creeps across the substrate to form carpeting. In its emersed state, the plant often produces small, indigo-coloured flowers. The plants grow much better with good light and a good CO2 supply. This new Hygrophila looks very delicate, and is used to best effect in a larger group. In a Nano Cube, a few stems are enough as a pop of colour.

Hygrophila pinnatifida

A new species from India with extraordinary character. It has only been commercially available for a few years and is being used increasingly in fascinating landscapes. Not only are the leaves a very attractive rust brown to olive green, they also have a lovely feathered shape. Combine with simple plant shapes to really highlight the ornamental leaves. These plants also have the ability to grow on rocks and roots, which is completely atypical for a stem plant.

Hygrophila pinnatifida In-Vitro

This new variety from India has some highly unusual attributes. It has been commercially available for only a few years and is finding more and more use in fascinating landscapes. Not only are the leaves a very attractive rust brown to olive green, they also have a lovely feathered shape. Combine with simple plant shapes to really highlight the ornamental leaves. These plants also have the ability to grow on rocks and roots, which is completely atypical for stem plants.

Hygrophila polysperma 'Sunset'

Indian waterweed

'Sunset' is a beautiful cultivar for the mid to background. In its emersed state the leaves are very striking with whitish-yellow veins; below the surface the plant shows its full vibrancy in hues from light pink to a deep reddish-pink. As with the regular H. polysperma, this variety is easy to care for and undemanding. Most other coloured stem plants are more difficult. A good iron fertiliser will help the shoots develop their intense colouring. The leaves of Hygrophila polysperma are 4 cm wide - smaller than the original form and therefore suitable for Nano Cubes.

Hygrophila polysperma

Indian waterweed

Hygrophila polysperma is one of the "easiest" aquatic plants. Even in the worst possible conditions it will continue to grow. Improving the conditions is, obviously, beneficial to the plant and its growth. Under good lighting the shoots turn a reddish-brown colour. This plant grows very quickly and needs to be cut back more frequently than other stem plants. Highly recommended for new setups and as a preventive measure against algae.

Juncus repens

Juncus repens is a grass-like marsh plant which also grows strongly under water. This small species of rush is native to southern and eastern USA and inhabits marshy shallow water. In the aquarium, Juncus repens is easy to care for and resilient. Soft water with a good CO2 supply promotes optimum growth. In combination with other grass-like plants, you can design decorative meadow landscapes. However, this creeping rush also makes an attractive feature as a "filler plant" between stones. With strong lighting and a good supply of micro-nutrients, the shoots can also become slightly reddish in colour.

Lagenandra meeboldii ´Red´

The genus Lagnandra is very closely related to the Cryptocorynes and colonises similar habitats. Lagenandra meeboldii is a very varied species and the variety ‚Red‘ is a wonderfully coloured plant for the midground. Until now most species in the genus Lagenandra were unsuitable for aquariums, however this new plant from India does impressively well in an underwater landscape. Here they also form a strong rhizome like the Anubias, but they should be planted into the substrate. With its striking colour this Indian beauty makes a great feature in a plant aquarium.

Large Mbuna with A 21.0

Large Mbuna with Anubias plants

Lilaeopsis brasiliensis

Brazilian micro sword

Lilaeopsis brasiliensis is a decorative foreground plant. In the wild it grows on the banks of rivers and marshes, up to altitudes of over 1,000 m. Its grass-like appearance is similar to Helanthium tenellum, which is why it is sometimes referred to as "false tenellus". You won’t have any problems cultivating this in an aquarium. It prefers cooler temperatures and grows really slowly regardless of whether the water is soft or hard. Radical pruning, as you would a lawn, encourages compact growth. It needs a lot of light.

Lilaeopsis brasiliensis In-Vitro

Lilaeopsis brasiliensis is a decorative foreground plant. In the wild it colonises the banks of rivers and marshes up to altitudes of over 1,000 m. Its grassy look is similar to that of Helanthium tenellum, which is why it is sometimes referred to as “false tenellus”. You won’t have any problems cultivating this in an aquarium. It prefers fairly cool temperatures and grows extremely slowly, regardless of whether your tank has soft or hard water. Radical pruning, as with a lawn, encourages compact growth.

Lilaeopsis brasiliensis, pad

Lilaeopsis brasiliensis, pad

Lilaeopsis mauritiana

Mauritius micro sword

This variety comes from Mauritius and is an endemic species found only on the island. It grows very well but, like the Lilaeopsis brasiliensis, very slowly. Cross-sections of the leaf are circular and they look a bit like miniature chives. Again, radical pruning will promote thicker, denser growth. This grass-like plant is ideal for Nano Cubes and aquascaping. A creeping rhizome with very fine leaflets, slow-growing, forms a lawn.

Lilaeopsis stretchpad

Stretchpad with Lilaeopsis brasiliensis

3 x 18 cm

Limnobium laevigatum In-Vitro

Limnobium laevigatum is a dainty floating plant for open aquariums and for the garden pond or water trough. However, this South American plant is not hardy and therefore, needs to be overwintered in a warm place. In the right conditions, the plants spread quickly and, bit by bit, develop into a dense carpet of plants. Very long root beards can form in places, providing good protection for young fish in the aquarium
 

Limnophila aromatica

Also known as “rice paddy herb“, this plant is distributed widely across Southeast Asia and is very polymorphic with regards to its habitus. Under intense lighting in the aquarium, the leaflets will develop different red colour hues, depending on the nutrients available. As with all stem plants, Limnophila aromatica should be planted in larger groups.  The cascade-like arrangement of the leaflets makes for a harmonious appearance. This Asian stem plant can be particularly recommended for planting into an aquarium “Dutch”-style.

Limnophila sessiliflora

Small Ambulia

A stem plant that is widespread across Asia. In its emersed state it is a dwarf plant with shoots densely covered in leaves. In aquaria, the feathered leaf shape is much more apparent, and the colour changes to light green. Limnophila sessiliflora is a good alternative to light-hungry Cabombas. As with many of the more delicate stem plants, these stems are better planted in a large group. Under good lighting the shoots turn a rusty brown colour

Lobelia cardinalis

Cardinal flower

The cardinal flower is a stem plant from North America. In its emersed state the leaves are a dark olive green with scarlet covering the underside. Submerged plants are light green and the leaves are smaller. The fleshy stems grow very slowly and only reach heights of 10 - 20 cm under water. Lobelia cardinalis is often used in the "Dutch aquarium" planting style. In this style, plants are strictly arranged in large, dense groups and are cultivated to give the impression of a botanical garden. A slow-growing species with minimal requirements in terms of water values, substrate and water temperature.

Lobelia cardinalis ´Mini´

Lobelia cardinalis ´Mini´ is an attractive cultivar. This dwarf form has smaller, rounder leaves than the species, and is a fantastic complement to the foreground of larger aquariums and Nano Cubes. Compact growth is assured with a good supply of nutrients, sufficient CO2, and adequate light. Offshoots can be cut and replanted at any time. This produces a lovely space full of these attractive mini Lobelias.

Ludwigia arcuata In-Vitro

Narrow-leaved Ludwigia

Ludwigia are stem plants beloved by aquatics hobbyists and have been cultivated for decades. Ludwigia arcuata is native to the US where it prefers humid marshland. It is known as the most delicate species for life under the water. Its emersed stems are usually pure green; submerged stems are usually brown to red. "The stronger the light, the more intense the colours" - the general rule of thumb also applies to these plants. Cut the stems down to the lower third and you will soon be rewarded with a number of new shoots.

Ludwigia glandulosa perennis

Red star Ludwigia

Another fabulously coloured Ludwigia is Ludwigia glandulosa. Intense red stems become apparent during emersed greenhouse cultivation. Submerged leaves are claret on both the upper surface and underside. This variety does not have as many branches as other Ludwigia varieties, which is why we recommend arranging the stems in rows. These plants must have very good lighting and an adequate supply of CO2. Ludwigia are best displayed in combination with light green plants.

Ludwigia repens 'Rubin'

Ludwigia 'Rubin'

This colour variant has been commercially available for almost 10 years, and is one of the most attractive red-leaved aquarium plants. Generating such rich, red tones requires strong lighting and a good supply of CO2. In these conditions, the leaf pairs are very closely arranged on the stems, and the plants appear very compact. A group of around 10 stems mixed with light green varieties is like watching a fireworks display under water!